Energy demand technologies
Technological parameter assumptions on steel sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Energy saving (MJ/*) |
Unit (*) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
|
Sintering furnace cooler heat recovery |
59 |
59 |
59 |
25 |
0.25 |
t-steel |
Sintering furnace heat recovery |
6 |
6 |
6 |
25 |
0.18 |
t-steel |
Waste heat recuperator on hot blast stove |
3 |
3 |
3 |
25 |
0.12 |
t-steel |
Ferro coke |
103 |
103 |
103 |
25 |
0.58 |
t-steel |
Blast furnace w/ CCS |
197 |
197 |
197 |
25 |
-0.99 |
t-steel |
Top-pressure recovery turbine |
30 |
30 |
30 |
25 |
0.14 |
t-steel |
BOG heat recovery |
50 |
50 |
50 |
25 |
0.12 |
t-steel |
Hydrogen DRI-EAF |
215 |
215 |
215 |
25 |
12.23 |
t-steel |
Scrap preheating |
59 |
59 |
59 |
25 |
0.11 |
t-steel |
DC electric furnace |
201 |
201 |
201 |
25 |
0.1 |
t-steel |
Electrification in other processes |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-0.09 |
t-steel |
Natural gas in other processes |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-0.09 |
t-steel |
Continuous caster |
3 |
3 |
3 |
25 |
0.08 |
t-steel |
Regenerative burner |
1 |
1 |
1 |
25 |
0.1 |
t-steel |
High efficiency continuous annealing lines |
1342 |
1342 |
1342 |
25 |
0.4 |
t-steel |
Energy efficiency improvement in electricity use |
41 |
41 |
41 |
25 |
0.06 |
t-steel |
Heat generation, coal |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, oil |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, gas |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, biomass |
42 |
42 |
42 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, electricity |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, hydrogen |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, ammonia |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Note: Cost unit is US$ * -1. Asterisk refers to the technology specific unit.
Initial costs are represented as additional cost relative to the reference technology, excluding heat generation.
For Hydrogen-DRI, energy consumption is shown at the energy saving column.
For CCS technologies, energy saving is provided with negative number, as it consumes additional energy for CO2 capture.
For heat generation, conversion efficiency is presented at the energy saving column.
Technological parameter assumptions on cement and non-metallic minerals sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Energy saving (MJ/*) |
Unit (*) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
|
Cement kiln w/ CCS |
107 |
107 |
107 |
25 |
-0.72 |
t-cement |
Vertical roller coal mill |
8 |
8 |
8 |
25 |
0.05 |
t-cement |
High efficiency clinker cooler |
5 |
5 |
5 |
25 |
0.07 |
t-cement |
Innovative cement manufacturing process |
119 |
119 |
119 |
25 |
0.95 |
t-cement |
Vertical roller raw mill |
9 |
9 |
9 |
25 |
0.03 |
t-cement |
Pre-grinder |
15 |
15 |
15 |
25 |
0.04 |
t-cement |
High-efficiency separators |
3 |
3 |
3 |
25 |
0 |
t-cement |
Vertical roller grind mill |
14 |
14 |
14 |
25 |
0.05 |
t-cement |
Vertical roller slug mill |
6 |
6 |
6 |
25 |
0 |
t-cement |
High-efficiency industrial furnace |
19 |
19 |
19 |
25 |
0.26 |
t-cement |
Electric furnace |
38 |
38 |
38 |
25 |
0.18 |
t-cement |
Heat generation, coal |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, oil |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, gas |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, biomass |
42 |
42 |
42 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, electricity |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, hydrogen |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, ammonia |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Note: Cost unit is US$ * -1. Asterisk refers to the technology specific unit.
Initial costs are represented as additional cost relative to the reference technology, excluding heat generation.
For CCS technologies, energy saving is provided with negative number, as it consumes additional energy for CO2 capture.
For heat generation, conversion efficiency is presented at the energy saving column.
Technological parameter assumptions on chemical sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Energy saving (MJ/*) |
Unit (*) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
|
Steam turbine for ethylene plant |
315 |
315 |
315 |
25 |
2.91 |
t-ethylene |
Low-temperature heat recovery |
104 |
104 |
104 |
25 |
0.88 |
t-ethylene |
HIDiC |
4363 |
4363 |
4363 |
25 |
33.76 |
t-ethylene |
Membranes for distlling process |
1991 |
1991 |
1991 |
25 |
19.94 |
t-ethylene |
Naphtha attached cracking |
2680 |
2680 |
2680 |
25 |
4.57 |
t-ethylene |
High performance LDPE manufacturing devices |
163 |
163 |
163 |
25 |
0.93 |
t-ethylene |
High performance PP manufacturing devices |
253 |
253 |
253 |
25 |
0.84 |
t-ethylene |
Heat recovery from methane separation |
8 |
8 |
8 |
25 |
0.15 |
t-ethylene |
Pre-fractionation for demethanizer tower |
18 |
18 |
18 |
25 |
1.31 |
t-ethylene |
High-efficiency industrial furnace for chemical |
27 |
27 |
27 |
25 |
0.23 |
t-ethylene |
Electric furnace for chemical |
53 |
53 |
53 |
25 |
0.25 |
t-ethylene |
Heat generation, coal |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, oil |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, gas |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, biomass |
42 |
42 |
42 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, electricity |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, hydrogen |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, ammonia |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Note: Cost unit is US$ * -1. Asterisk refers to the technology specific unit.
Initial costs are represented as additional cost relative to the reference technology, excluding heat generation.
For heat generation, conversion efficiency is presented at the energy saving column.
Technological parameter assumptions on pulp and paper sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Energy saving (MJ/*) |
Unit (*) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
|
Continuous digester |
478 |
478 |
478 |
25 |
1.5 |
t-paper |
High performance pulp washing device |
41 |
41 |
41 |
25 |
0.15 |
t-paper |
Plate evaporator |
107 |
107 |
107 |
25 |
1.68 |
t-paper |
Oxigen delignification device |
92 |
92 |
92 |
25 |
0.36 |
t-paper |
High-eff. recycled pulp manufacturing device |
102 |
102 |
102 |
25 |
1.28 |
t-paper |
Efficient shoe press |
67 |
67 |
67 |
25 |
1.61 |
t-paper |
High concentration size press |
38 |
38 |
38 |
25 |
3.22 |
t-paper |
High performance dryer hood device |
6 |
6 |
6 |
25 |
0.22 |
t-paper |
Heat generation, coal |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, oil |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, gas |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, biomass |
42 |
42 |
42 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, electricity |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, hydrogen |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Heat generation, ammonia |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
GJ-heat |
Note: Cost unit is US$ * -1. Asterisk refers to the technology specific unit.
Initial costs are represented as additional cost relative to the reference technology, excluding heat generation.
For heat generation, conversion efficiency is presented at the energy saving column.
Technological parameter assumptions on other industry sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Efficiency (-) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
Furnace, coal, conventional |
36 |
36 |
36 |
15 |
0.8 |
Furnace, oil, conventional |
36 |
36 |
36 |
15 |
0.8 |
Furnace, gas, conventional |
36 |
36 |
36 |
15 |
0.8 |
Furnace, coal, high efficiency |
56 |
56 |
56 |
15 |
0.9 |
Furnace, oil, high efficiency |
56 |
56 |
56 |
15 |
0.9 |
Furnace, gas, high efficiency |
56 |
56 |
56 |
15 |
0.9 |
Electric furnace |
85 |
85 |
85 |
15 |
0.9 |
Furnace, hydrogen |
56 |
56 |
56 |
15 |
0.9 |
Furnace, ammonia |
56 |
56 |
56 |
15 |
0.9 |
industrial motor |
9 |
9 |
9 |
15 |
0.8 |
High-efficiency industrial motor |
14 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
0.84 |
Industrial motor with inverter control |
39 |
39 |
39 |
15 |
0.99 |
Heat generation, coal |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
Heat generation, oil |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
Heat generation, gas |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0.9 |
Heat generation, biomass |
42 |
42 |
42 |
15 |
0.9 |
Heat generation, electricity |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
Heat generation, heat-pump |
51 |
51 |
51 |
15 |
3 |
Heat generation, hydrogen |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
Heat generation, ammonia |
21 |
21 |
21 |
15 |
0.9 |
Note: Cost unit is US$ GJ-1, which is measured as cost per energy service or useful energy.
Technological parameter assumptions on passenger transport sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Efficiency (MJ km -1) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
Passenger ICE, existing |
20 |
20 |
20 |
10 |
3 |
Passenger ICE, Lv1 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
10 |
2.49 |
Passenger ICE, Lv2 |
22 |
22 |
22 |
10 |
2.31 |
Passenger ICE, Lv3 |
22 |
22 |
22 |
10 |
2.21 |
Passenger ICE, Lv4 |
22 |
22 |
22 |
10 |
2.14 |
Passenger ICE, Lv5 |
22 |
22 |
22 |
10 |
2.08 |
Passenger HEV, Lv1 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
10 |
1.47 |
Passenger HEV, Lv2 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
10 |
1.4 |
Passenger HEV, Lv3 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
10 |
1.36 |
Passenger HEV, Lv4 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
10 |
1.33 |
Passenger HEV, Lv5 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
10 |
1.33 |
Passenger PHEV, Lv1 |
28 |
24 |
24 |
10 |
3.07 |
Passenger PHEV, Lv2 |
28 |
24 |
24 |
10 |
2.93 |
Passenger PHEV, Lv3 |
28 |
24 |
24 |
10 |
2.89 |
Passenger PHEV, Lv4 |
28 |
24 |
24 |
10 |
2.79 |
Passenger PHEV, Lv5 |
28 |
24 |
24 |
10 |
2.79 |
Passenger BEV, Lv1 |
56 |
28 |
27 |
10 |
0.69 |
Passenger BEV, Lv2 |
56 |
28 |
27 |
10 |
0.66 |
Passenger BEV, Lv3 |
56 |
28 |
27 |
10 |
0.64 |
Passenger BEV, Lv4 |
56 |
28 |
27 |
10 |
0.63 |
Passenger BEV, Lv5 |
56 |
28 |
27 |
10 |
0.63 |
Passenger NGV |
23 |
23 |
23 |
10 |
3.79 |
Passenger FCEV |
44 |
28 |
26 |
10 |
1.17 |
Passenger light ICE, existing |
14 |
14 |
14 |
10 |
2.23 |
Passenger light ICE, Lv1 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
10 |
1.98 |
Passenger light ICE, Lv2 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
1.88 |
Passenger light ICE, Lv3 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
1.8 |
Passenger light ICE, Lv4 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
1.74 |
Passenger light ICE, Lv5 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
1.69 |
Passenger light BEV, Lv1 |
41 |
19 |
19 |
10 |
0.55 |
Passenger light BEV, Lv2 |
41 |
19 |
19 |
10 |
0.52 |
Passenger light BEV, Lv3 |
41 |
19 |
19 |
10 |
0.51 |
Passenger light BEV, Lv4 |
41 |
19 |
19 |
10 |
0.5 |
Passenger light BEV, Lv5 |
41 |
19 |
19 |
10 |
0.5 |
Bus, ICE existing |
251 |
251 |
251 |
12 |
10.35 |
Bus, ICE Lv1 |
251 |
251 |
251 |
12 |
9.99 |
Bus, ICE Lv2 |
289 |
289 |
289 |
12 |
9.58 |
Bus, ICE Lv3 |
289 |
289 |
289 |
12 |
9.16 |
Bus, ICE Lv4 |
289 |
289 |
289 |
12 |
9.16 |
Bus, ICE Lv5 |
289 |
289 |
289 |
12 |
9.16 |
Hybrid bus Lv1 |
298 |
281 |
280 |
12 |
7.87 |
Hybrid bus Lv2 |
298 |
281 |
280 |
12 |
7.49 |
Hybrid bus Lv3 |
298 |
281 |
280 |
12 |
7.32 |
Hybrid bus Lv4 |
298 |
281 |
280 |
12 |
7.15 |
Hybrid bus Lv5 |
298 |
281 |
280 |
12 |
7.15 |
NG bus |
289 |
289 |
289 |
12 |
10.35 |
BEV bus, Lv1 |
632 |
348 |
340 |
12 |
7.12 |
BEV bus, Lv2 |
632 |
348 |
340 |
12 |
6.78 |
BEV bus, Lv3 |
632 |
348 |
340 |
12 |
6.63 |
BEV bus, Lv4 |
632 |
348 |
340 |
12 |
6.47 |
BEV bus, Lv5 |
632 |
348 |
340 |
12 |
6.47 |
Fuel cell bus |
406 |
329 |
312 |
12 |
6.84 |
Passenger train, electricity, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0.17 |
Passenger train, electricity, advanced |
17 |
17 |
17 |
20 |
0.13 |
Passenger train, diesel, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0.49 |
Passenger train, diesel, advanced |
17 |
17 |
17 |
20 |
0.4 |
Passenger ship, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
15.33 |
Passenger ship, advanced |
37 |
37 |
37 |
20 |
12.26 |
Passenger air, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0.99 |
Passenger air, advanced |
4 |
4 |
4 |
20 |
0.79 |
Note: Cost unit is 1000 US$ vehicle-1 and US$ 1000pkm-1 for road and non-road transport, respectively.
Energy efficiency unit for non-road modes is MJ pkm-1.
Technological parameter assumptions on freight transport sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Efficiency (MJ km -1) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
Large truck, ICE, existing |
44 |
44 |
44 |
11 |
8.49 |
Large truck, ICE, Lv1 |
44 |
44 |
44 |
11 |
8.25 |
Large truck, ICE, Lv2 |
51 |
51 |
51 |
11 |
7.84 |
Large truck, ICE, Lv3 |
51 |
51 |
51 |
11 |
7.5 |
Large truck, ICE, Lv4 |
51 |
51 |
51 |
11 |
7.5 |
Large truck, ICE, Lv5 |
51 |
51 |
51 |
11 |
7.5 |
Large truck, HEV, Lv1 |
67 |
53 |
53 |
11 |
6.5 |
Large truck, HEV, Lv2 |
67 |
53 |
53 |
11 |
6.19 |
Large truck, HEV, Lv3 |
67 |
53 |
53 |
11 |
6.05 |
Large truck, HEV, Lv4 |
67 |
53 |
53 |
11 |
5.91 |
Large truck, HEV, Lv5 |
67 |
53 |
53 |
11 |
5.91 |
Large truck, NGV |
51 |
51 |
51 |
11 |
12.08 |
Large truck, BEV, Lv1 |
494 |
139 |
129 |
11 |
6.03 |
Large truck, BEV, Lv2 |
494 |
139 |
129 |
11 |
5.74 |
Large truck, BEV, Lv3 |
494 |
139 |
129 |
11 |
5.61 |
Large truck, BEV, Lv4 |
494 |
139 |
129 |
11 |
5.48 |
Large truck, BEV, Lv5 |
494 |
139 |
129 |
11 |
5.48 |
Large truck, FCEV |
183 |
95 |
78 |
11 |
5.64 |
Medium truck, ICE, existing |
36 |
36 |
36 |
11 |
3.1 |
Medium truck, ICE, Lv1 |
36 |
36 |
36 |
11 |
3.01 |
Medium truck, ICE, Lv2 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
11 |
2.86 |
Medium truck, ICE, Lv3 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
11 |
2.74 |
Medium truck, ICE, Lv4 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
11 |
2.74 |
Medium truck, ICE, Lv5 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
11 |
2.74 |
Medium truck, HEV, Lv1 |
46 |
41 |
41 |
11 |
2.37 |
Medium truck, HEV, Lv2 |
46 |
41 |
41 |
11 |
2.26 |
Medium truck, HEV, Lv3 |
46 |
41 |
41 |
11 |
2.21 |
Medium truck, HEV, Lv4 |
46 |
41 |
41 |
11 |
2.16 |
Medium truck, HEV, Lv5 |
46 |
41 |
41 |
11 |
2.16 |
Medium truck, BEV, Lv1 |
93 |
50 |
49 |
11 |
1.19 |
Medium truck, BEV, Lv2 |
93 |
50 |
49 |
11 |
1.13 |
Medium truck, BEV, Lv3 |
93 |
50 |
49 |
11 |
1.11 |
Medium truck, BEV, Lv4 |
93 |
50 |
49 |
11 |
1.08 |
Medium truck, BEV, Lv5 |
93 |
50 |
49 |
11 |
1.08 |
Medium truck, FCEV |
116 |
64 |
55 |
11 |
1.69 |
Small truck, ICE, existing |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
2.49 |
Small truck, ICE, Lv1 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
2.42 |
Small truck, ICE, Lv2 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
2.3 |
Small truck, ICE, Lv3 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
2.2 |
Small truck, ICE, Lv4 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
2.2 |
Small truck, ICE, Lv5 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
2.2 |
Small truck, HEV, Lv1 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
1.9 |
Small truck, HEV, Lv2 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
1.81 |
Small truck, HEV, Lv3 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
1.77 |
Small truck, HEV, Lv4 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
1.73 |
Small truck, HEV, Lv5 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
1.73 |
Small truck, BEV, Lv1 |
34 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
1.05 |
Small truck, BEV, Lv2 |
34 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
1 |
Small truck, BEV, Lv3 |
34 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
0.98 |
Small truck, BEV, Lv4 |
34 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
0.96 |
Small truck, BEV, Lv5 |
34 |
16 |
16 |
10 |
0.96 |
Freight train, electricity, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0.17 |
Freight train, electricity, advanced |
22 |
22 |
22 |
20 |
0.14 |
Freight train, diesel, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0.52 |
Freight train, diesel, advanced |
17 |
17 |
17 |
20 |
0.42 |
Freight ship, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0.54 |
Freight ship, advanced |
1 |
1 |
1 |
20 |
0.44 |
Freight air, existing |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
19.81 |
Freight air, advanced |
50 |
50 |
50 |
20 |
15.85 |
Note: Cost unit is 1000 US$ vehicle-1 and US$ 1000tkm-1 for road and non-road transport, respectively.
Energy efficiency unit for non-road modes is MJ tkm-1.
Technological parameter assumptions on residential sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Efficiency (-) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
Air conditioner, existing |
1735 |
1735 |
1735 |
10 |
3.74 |
Air conditioner, efficient |
1896 |
1896 |
1896 |
10 |
4.83 |
Air conditioner, more efficient |
1896 |
1896 |
1896 |
10 |
5.6 |
Space heating, electricity |
348 |
348 |
348 |
10 |
1 |
Space heating, gas |
620 |
620 |
620 |
10 |
0.92 |
Space heating, oil |
662 |
662 |
662 |
10 |
0.87 |
Space heating, biomass |
1446 |
1446 |
1446 |
10 |
0.83 |
Heat pump water heater |
5315 |
4134 |
4134 |
10 |
3.1 |
Heat pump water heater, efficient |
5315 |
4134 |
4134 |
10 |
4.4 |
Electric water heater |
2890 |
2890 |
2890 |
10 |
0.9 |
Water heating, oil |
2404 |
2404 |
2404 |
10 |
0.83 |
Water heating, gas |
2764 |
2764 |
2764 |
10 |
1 |
Water heating, gas, efficient |
2404 |
2404 |
2404 |
10 |
0.83 |
Water heater, solar |
6450 |
6450 |
6450 |
10 |
1 |
Fuel cell |
24144 |
7512 |
7512 |
10 |
0.58 |
Cooking, electricity |
968 |
968 |
968 |
10 |
0.8 |
Cooking, gas |
850 |
850 |
850 |
10 |
0.62 |
Incandescent lamp |
9 |
9 |
9 |
1 |
3.89 |
CFL |
74 |
74 |
74 |
5 |
17.61 |
Fluorescent lamp |
74 |
74 |
74 |
10 |
23.53 |
LED |
186 |
186 |
186 |
10 |
41.67 |
LED, efficient |
372 |
372 |
372 |
10 |
55.56 |
Residential appliances, existing stock average |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
1 |
Residential appliances, flow |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
1.25 |
Residential appliances, advanced |
719 |
719 |
719 |
10 |
1.43 |
Note: Cost unit is US$ GJ-1, which is measured as cost per energy service or useful energy.
Technological parameter assumptions on commercial sector.
|
Initial cost |
|
|
Lifetime (year) |
Efficiency (-) |
|
2010 |
2030 |
2050 |
|
|
Air conditioner, Lv1 |
57 |
57 |
57 |
15 |
2.76 |
Air conditioner, Lv2 |
57 |
57 |
57 |
15 |
3.19 |
Air conditioner, Lv3 |
57 |
57 |
57 |
15 |
3.56 |
Air conditioner, Lv4 |
57 |
57 |
57 |
15 |
3.67 |
Air conditioner, Lv5 |
57 |
57 |
57 |
15 |
4.64 |
Gas heat pump |
49 |
49 |
49 |
15 |
1.33 |
Absorption chiller |
38 |
38 |
38 |
15 |
1.26 |
District heating |
38 |
38 |
38 |
15 |
1 |
Coal boiler |
38 |
38 |
38 |
15 |
0.9 |
Biomass boiler |
49 |
49 |
49 |
15 |
0.9 |
Heat pump water heater |
21 |
16 |
11 |
10 |
4.18 |
Heat pump water heater, efficient |
21 |
16 |
11 |
10 |
6 |
Electric water heater |
14 |
14 |
14 |
10 |
0.9 |
Water heating, gas |
6 |
6 |
6 |
10 |
1.06 |
Water heating, gas, efficient |
5 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
0.89 |
Water heating, oil |
5 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
0.84 |
Water heating, coal |
5 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
0.84 |
Water heating, heat |
5 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
1 |
Water heating, solar |
38 |
38 |
38 |
10 |
1 |
Water heating, biomass |
14 |
14 |
14 |
10 |
1 |
Cooking, coal |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
0.6 |
Cooking, gas |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
0.6 |
Cooking, electricity |
22 |
22 |
22 |
10 |
0.95 |
Incandescent lamp |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3.89 |
Fluorescent lamp |
3 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
25.56 |
LED, Lv1 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
25.56 |
LED, Lv2 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
41.67 |
LED Lv3 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
55.56 |
Commercial appliances, existing stock average |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
1 |
Commercial appliances, flow |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
1.25 |
Commercial appliances, advanced |
25 |
25 |
25 |
10 |
1.43 |
Note: Cost unit is US$ GJ-1, which is measured as cost per energy service or useful energy.